{"id":2696,"date":"2017-08-07T05:38:47","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T05:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/?page_id=2696"},"modified":"2017-08-07T05:38:47","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T05:38:47","slug":"artistic-roles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/learning-pathways\/definitions-artistic-roles-and-visual-thinking\/artistic-roles\/","title":{"rendered":"Artistic roles"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Roles of art in society<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Art has many roles and functions in society, ranging from simple description of our lives, to scientific portraits of flora and fauna, to enhancing our everyday lives.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Description\">Description<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A traditional role of visual art is to describe ourselves and our surroundings. Some of the earliest artworks discovered are drawings and paintings of humans and wild animals on walls deep within prehistoric caves. One recurring image is a hand print: a universal symbol of human communication.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Early Art<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Red_Hands_Cave.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Red_Hands_Cave.jpg\/300px-Red_Hands_Cave.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Aboriginal hand stencils, Red Hands Cave, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Browse some of the images at the <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bradshawfoundation.com\/lascaux\/index.php\">Bradshaw Foundation<\/a>; see rock art archives in the left navigation menu of that website. The Bradshaw Foundation&#8217;s primary objective is to discover, document, and preserve ancient rock art around the world and to promote the study of early humankind&#8217;s artistic achievements.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Portraits<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Portraits capture the accuracy of physical characteristics, but the very best also transfer a sense of an individual\u2019s unique personality. For thousands of years, this role was reserved for images of those in positions of power, influence, and authority. The portrait not only signifies who they are, but also solidifies class structure by presenting only the highest-ranking members of a society. The portrait bust of Egyptian Queen Nefertiti exemplifies beauty and royalty. The full-length <i>Imperial Portrait of Chinese Emperor Xianfeng<\/i> not only shows realism in the likeness of the emperor, but also exults in the patterns and colors of his robe and the throne behind him.\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 335px\">\n<div style=\"width: 335px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 330px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:15px auto;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Nefertiti_bust2.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/0\/04\/Nefertiti_bust2.jpg\/209px-Nefertiti_bust2.jpg\" width=\"209\" height=\"350\" class=\"img-responsive\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>Bust of Nefertiti, painted sandstone, Egypt, c. 1370 BCE. Neues Museum, Berlin\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 335px\">\n<div style=\"width: 335px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 330px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:15px auto;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Xianfeng.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/a\/a5\/Xianfeng.jpg\/200px-Xianfeng.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"350\" class=\"img-responsive\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>Imperial Portrait of Emperor Xianfeng, China, c. 1855. Palace Museum, Bejing\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Landscapes<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:PSM_V37_D104_An_egyptian_fowling_scene.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/e\/ed\/PSM_V37_D104_An_egyptian_fowling_scene.jpg\/350px-PSM_V37_D104_An_egyptian_fowling_scene.jpg\" width=\"350\" height=\"279\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><i>Nebamun Hunting Fowl<\/i>, fresco, Egypt, c. 1350 BCE. British Museum, London<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Landscapes, by themselves, give us detailed information about our natural and human made surroundings; things like location, architecture, time of day, year, or season, plus other physical information such as geological elements and the plants and animals within a particular region. <i>Nebamun Hunting Fowl<\/i> is loaded with specific plant and animal life in Egypt&#8217;s Nile river delta. This wall painting shows the scribe <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebamun\">Nebamun<\/a> as he stands in a reed boat near a thicket of papyrus capturing ducks. His cat actively grabs at two birds as they try to fly away. Amongst the different species are hawks, butterflies, herons, songbirds, and fish.&nbsp; The figure sitting in the boat is his daughter. The larger female figure standing at the stern is his wife. The artist records the scene in great detail; he paints every feather on the birds and every scale on the fish beneath the boat.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Scientific illustrations<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:402px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Durer-homard.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/1\/16\/Durer-homard.jpg\/400px-Durer-homard.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"226\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Albrecht Durer, <i>Lobster<\/i>, 1495. Staatliche Museen, Berlin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Indeed, in many western cultures, the more realistic the rendering of a scene the closer to our idea of the truth it becomes. In the fifteenth century, German artist Albrecht Durer created vivid works that show a keen sense of observation. His <i>Lobster <\/i> is uncanny in its realism and sense of animation. <br style=\"clear:both;\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Banksia_coccinea_(Crop).jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Banksia_coccinea_%28Crop%29.jpg\/300px-Banksia_coccinea_%28Crop%29.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"455\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Banksiea coccinea (Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae plate 3)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Out of this striving for accuracy and documentation developed the art of scientific illustration, an important part of scientific communication before the advent of photography. Scientific illustrators concentrate on accuracy and utility rather than aesthetics. They comment on many different types of scientific phenomena.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Enhancing our world<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:182px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Carolus_-Private_Collection_-_detail_naaldkant.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Carolus_-Private_Collection_-_detail_naaldkant.jpg\/180px-Carolus_-Private_Collection_-_detail_naaldkant.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"305\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Detail of needle lace<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Enhancing the world of our everyday lives is another role art plays. This role is more <i>utilitarian<\/i> than others. It includes textiles and product design; embellishments to the items we use everyday; and all the aesthetic considerations that create a more comfortable and expressive environment.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Art in Everyday Life<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Read about how the Wari peoples of Peru used art to enhance their everyday implements.\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/works-of-art\/1979.206.385\">Wari bowl, ceramic, Peru, 6th\u20139th century<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nComment on the purpose and use of portraits of public officials in public buildings.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div><p>You must be logged in to post to WEnotes.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><i>Note: Your comment will be displayed in the <a href=\"\/art101\/interactions\/course-feed\" title=\"Art appreciation and techniques\/ART101\/Feed\">course feed<\/a>.<\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.244 seconds\nReal time usage: 12.076 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 738\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 1322\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 19610\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 9276\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 7\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n--><\/p>\n<p><!-- Saved in parser cache with key wikiedu-mw_:pcache:idhash:180556-0!*!0!*!*!2!* and timestamp 20170807053831 and revision id 1029499\n -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<ul class=\"pager\">\n<li class=\"previous\">\n            <a href=\"\/art101\/learning-pathways\/definitions-artistic-roles-and-visual-thinking\/basic-considerations\">\u2190 Previous<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<li class=\"next\">\n            <a href=\"\/art101\/learning-pathways\/definitions-artistic-roles-and-visual-thinking\/artistic-categories\">Next \u2192<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer>\n<br \/>\n<\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment on the purpose and use of portraits of public officials in public buildings. 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