{"id":985,"date":"2017-08-07T05:39:23","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T05:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/?page_id=985"},"modified":"2017-08-07T05:39:23","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T05:39:23","slug":"photojournalism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/learning-pathways\/artistic-media-the-camera-arts\/photojournalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Photojournalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>The news industry was fundamentally changed with the invention of the photograph. Although pictures were taken of newsworthy stories as early as the 1850\u2019s, the photograph needed to be translated into an engraving before being printed in a newspaper. It wasn\u2019t until the turn of the nineteenth century that newspaper presses could copy original photographs. Photos from around the world showed up on front pages of newspapers defining and illustrating stories, and the world became smaller as this early mass medium gave people access to up-to-date information\u2026with pictures!\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Conf_dead_chancellorsville_edit1.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Conf_dead_chancellorsville_edit1.jpg\/300px-Conf_dead_chancellorsville_edit1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Confederate dead behind the stone wall of Marye&#8217;s Heights, Virginia, 1863.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>Photojournalism<\/b> is a particular form of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journalism\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Journalism\">journalism<\/a> that creates images in order to tell a news story and is defined by these three elements:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Timeliness<\/b> \u2014 the images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events.\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Objectivity<\/b> \u2014 the situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone.\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Narrative<\/b> \u2014 the images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to the viewer or reader on a cultural level.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"objectives\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_objectives.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Photojournalism<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>As visual information, news images help in shaping our perception of reality and the context surrounding them.\n<\/p>\n<p>Photographs taken by <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mathewbrady.com\/\">Mathew Brady<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timothy_H._O%27Sullivan\">Timothy H. O&#8217;Sullivan<\/a> and others photographers during the American Civil War gave sobering witness to the carnage it produced. Images of soldiers killed in the field help people realize the human toll of war and desensitize their ideas of battle as being particularly heroic. <br style=\"clear:both;\"> <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:1944_NormandyLST.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/f\/f4\/1944_NormandyLST.jpg\/300px-1944_NormandyLST.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Robert F. Sargent, Landing Craft at Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944. Black and white photograph. United States Coast Guard photo.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sometimes soldiers themselves take photographs in the battlefield. In the photo at left, Robert F. Sargent, a Chief Photographer\u2019s Mate in the U.S. Coast Guard, gives an eyewitness visual account of Allied troops coming ashore in France on D-Day, 1944. <\/p>\n<p>Photojournalism\u2019s \u201cGolden Age\u201d took place between 1930 and 1950, coinciding with advances in the mediums of radio and television. <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margaret_Bourke-White\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Margaret Bourke-White\">Margaret Bourke-White<\/a>\u2019s photographs helped define the standards of photojournalism. Her work with <i>Life<\/i> magazine and as the first female war correspondent in Europe produced indelible images of the rise of industry, the effects of the Dust Bowl, the Great Depression and World War Two. <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gettyimages.ca\/detail\/photo\/ammonia-storage-tanks-at-a-nitrogen-fixa-high-res-stock-photography\/82500508?Language=en-US\">Ammonia Storage Tanks<\/a><\/i> (1930) shows masterful composition as she gets four of the massive tanks into the picture. The shadows, industrial grids of metalwork and the inclusion of figures at the top for an indication of scale make a powerful visual statement about the modern industrial landscape. One of her later photographs, <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.artic.edu\/aic\/collections\/artwork\/5512?search_id=1\">A Mile Underground, Kimberly Diamond Mine, South Africa<\/a><\/i> (1950) frames two black mine workers staring back at the camera lens, their heads high with looks of resigned determination on their faces.<br \/>\n<br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/WikiEducator.org\/File:Migrant_Mother,_Nipomo,_California_(3588771589).jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/WikiEducator.org\/images\/thumb\/4\/46\/Migrant_Mother%2C_Nipomo%2C_California_%283588771589%29.jpg\/300px-Migrant_Mother%2C_Nipomo%2C_California_%283588771589%29.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"371\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Dorothea Lange, <i>Migrant Mother<\/i>, 1936. Photograph. Farm Security Administration collection, U.S. Library of Congress<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorothea_Lange\">Dorothea Lange<\/a> was employed by the federal government\u2019s Farm Security Administration to document the plight of migrant workers and families dislocated by the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dust_bowl\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Dust bowl\">Dust Bowl<\/a> and the Great Depression In America during the 1930\u2019s. <i>Migrant Mother<\/i> is an iconic image of its hardships and the human resolve to survive. Like O\u2019Sullivan\u2019s civil war photos, Lange\u2019s picture puts a face on human tragedy. Photographs like this helped win continued support for president Franklin Roosevelt\u2019s social aid programs. <\/p>\n<p>Photojournalism does not always find the story in far away places. More often it is in the urban settings of big cities. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/museum.icp.org\/museum\/collections\/special\/weegee\/\">Weegee<\/a> (born Arthur Fellig) made a living as a ubiquitous news photographer on the streets of New York City. He documented the sensational, from murders to entertainment, and kept a police radio in his car so as to be the first on the scene of the action. His photo <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.getty.edu\/art\/gettyguide\/artObjectDetails?artobj=43076\">Simply Add Boiling Water<\/a> from 1937 shows the Hygrade frankfurter building in flames while firemen spray water into it. The photo\u2019s title is ironic and taken from the sign across the center of the building.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.112 seconds\nReal time usage: 4.132 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 212\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 876\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 13143\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 10163\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 7\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n--><\/p>\n<p><!-- Saved in parser cache with key wikiedu-mw_:pcache:idhash:181127-0!*!*!*!*!2!* and timestamp 20170807053915 and revision id 1026756\n -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<ul class=\"pager\">\n<li class=\"previous\">\n            <a href=\"\/art102\/learning-pathways\/artistic-media-the-camera-arts\/color-images\">\u2190 Previous<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<li class=\"next\">\n            <a href=\"\/art102\/learning-pathways\/artistic-media-the-camera-arts\/modern-developments\">Next \u2192<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer>\n<br \/>\n<\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2190 Previous Next \u2192<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":965,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-985","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":986,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/985\/revisions\/986"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/art102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}