{"id":1524,"date":"2016-08-18T01:28:42","date_gmt":"2016-08-18T01:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/course.oeru.org\/criticalreasoning\/?page_id=1524"},"modified":"2016-08-18T01:28:42","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T01:28:42","slug":"activities","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/criticalreasoning\/learning-pathways\/learning-pathway-4-evaluating-arguments\/activities\/","title":{"rendered":"Activities"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Learning Pathway 4 has five activities. The Journal activity and the quizzes have an answer key. Once you have completed the journal entry, you can use the key to evaluate how successful you were in meeting the learning objectives. While the assessments are optional, and the grades will not be directly related to whether or not you receive credit for this course, completing them will help you gauge your progress and prepare for the TECEP\u00a9 exam.\n<\/p>\n

Journal Assignment 7<\/span><\/h2>\n

Using the readings and your online resources, answer the following questions:\n<\/p>\n

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  1. In your own words, explain the difference between deductive and inductive arguments. Write down two examples of each.\n<\/li>\n
  2. Explain the difference between valid deductive arguments and invalid deductive arguments and then write down two examples of each.\n<\/li>\n
  3. In your online references, identify the differences between three major types of inductive arguments. Name each type and write down examples of each.\n<\/li>\n
  4. What is the difference between a valid argument and a sound argument? Write down two examples of each.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Answer Key – Journal Assignment 7<\/i><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    Quiz 7<\/span><\/h2>\n
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    1.\tYou can have a sound argument even if your premises are false.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    2.\tA statement is any claim that either asserts or denies a state of affairs in the world.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    3.\tInductive arguments are arguments that go from the general to the particular.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    4.\tAn argument is any group of sentences that describes a situation.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    5.\tAn argument is a series of statements where one or more of these statements is\/are intended to establish the truth or acceptability of the conclusion.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    6.\tAn argument must have at least three premises.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    7.\tA conclusion is the main claim or point in an argument that the premises are intended to prove.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    8.\tA good convincing argument is a valid argument. That is, since you accept that the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    9.\tA premise is a reason offered in support of an argument\u2019s conclusion.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n

    10.\tA good, convincing argument is a sound argument. That is, since you accept all the premises are true, you must accept the conclusion is true.
    \n_____ TRUE _____ FALSE\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Answer Key – Quiz 7<\/i><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    Quiz 8<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Identify the following arguments:\n<\/p>\n

    E = Empirical<\/b>; V = Value<\/b>\n<\/p>\n

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    1. ___ If it rains today, the cricket match will be cancelled. It is raining today. Therefore, the cricket match is cancelled.\n<\/p>\n

    2. ___ My car is out of petrol. Therefore, it won\u2019t start.\n<\/p>\n

    3. ___ Animals feel pain just as we do. It is only because we feel pain that it matters how others treat us. The capacity to feel pain is the origin of morality. Thus, the way we treat animals must be a matter of moral concern for us.\n<\/p>\n

    4. ___ Abortion is fully justified because a fetus is not a moral agent. Moreover, a fetus cannot make rational decisions.\n<\/p>\n

    5. ___ Affirmative action cannot be justified. First, it amounts to reverse discrimination. Second, it begets racial conflicts. Finally, it is a short-sighted solution to redress the wrongs of the past.\n<\/p>\n

    6. ___ The price of petrol will go up, if there is conflict in the Middle East. There is conflict in the Middle East. Therefore, the price of petrol will increase.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Identify the following in terms of soundness and validity:\n<\/p>\n

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    1.\tAre all valid arguments sound?
    \n______ yes ______ no\n<\/p>\n

    2.\tCan a valid argument result in a false conclusion?
    \n______ yes ______ no\n<\/p>\n

    3.\tAre all true statements valid?
    \n______ yes ______ no\n<\/p>\n

    4.\tIf you can knit, you can crochet. Sally can knit, therefore Sally can crochet.
    \n______ sound _______ valid _____ neither\n<\/p>\n

    5.\tIn order for an argument to be sound, it requires that its premises be true and its form valid.
    \n______ yes ______ no\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Answer Key – Quiz 8<\/i><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    Quiz 9<\/span><\/h2>\n

    What kind of statement is the following:\n<\/p>\n

    D = Deductive<\/b>; I = Inductive<\/b>\n<\/p>\n

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    1.\t___ More doctors smoke Marlboros than any other cigarette. They must be good for your health.\n<\/p>\n

    2.\t___ All plants need water to grow. If my philodendron does not get water, it will die.\n<\/p>\n

    3.\t___ Desert plants require little water. If the drought does not last, the cactus will survive.\n<\/p>\n

    4.\t___ Meteorologists predicted rain for today; it must be raining.\n<\/p>\n

    5.\t___ The man I saw break into the apartment was wearing a hoodie. Philip is wearing a hoodie. He must be the man I saw.\n<\/p>\n

    6.\t___ Only hippies wear Birkenstocks. Jake is wearing Birkenstocks. Jake must be a hippie.\n<\/p>\n

    7.\t___ Blondes have more fun. I should dye my hair blonde.\n<\/p>\n

    8.\t___ The last three dresses Jane wore were red, she will likely be wearing red again today.\n<\/p>\n

    9.\t___ The logical method of science is inductive. Induction is fallibilistic and never reaches absolute certainty. Therefore I can\u2019t trust everything science tells me.\n<\/p>\n

    10.\t___ Melissa is a fashion model. Most models are tall and slim. Melissa must be tall and slim.\n<\/p>\n

    11.\t___ Artists tend to be left handed. Joel is left-handed. Joel must be an artist.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Answer Key – Quiz 9<\/i><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    Quiz 10<\/span><\/h2>\n

    What kind of statement is the following:\n<\/p>\n

    D = Deductive<\/b>; I = Inductive<\/b>\n<\/p>\n

    \n

    1.\t___ Jane and Joe left their crayons out in the sun yesterday and they melted. If they leave them out again today, they will melt again.\n<\/p>\n

    2.\t___ All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal.\n<\/p>\n

    3.\t___ The stock market has risen every day for the last two months. I should invest in the stock market because it will probably continue to rise.\n<\/p>\n

    4.\t___ Aches and fever are symptoms of the flu. Billy has aches and a fever. He must have the flu.\n<\/p>\n

    5.\t___ All fruits grow on trees, therefore all apples grow on trees.\n<\/p>\n

    6.\t___ All numbers ending in 5 or 0 are divisible by 5. The number 45 ends in 5 therefore it is divisible by 5.\n<\/p>\n

    7.\t___ Most puppies bark at night. I need my sleep so I shouldn\u2019t get a puppy because he will keep me up all night.\n<\/p>\n

    8.\t___ Since all squares are rectangles and all rectangles have four sides, then all squares have four sides.\n<\/p>\n

    9.\t___ Complicated things in the world are evidence that they were created by an intelligent designer. The world evidences great complexity and design. It must have been made by an intelligent being.\n<\/p>\n

    10.\t___ Since all mammals nurse their young, then all whales nurse their young.\n<\/p>\n

    11.\t___ The mailman has come at 1 pm every day this summer. The mailman will come at 1 pm today.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Answer Key – Quiz 10<\/i><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

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