{"id":10017,"date":"2023-02-22T02:28:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T02:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/?page_id=10017"},"modified":"2023-02-22T02:28:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T02:28:43","slug":"net-neutrality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/learning-pathways\/societal-issues-and-the-internet\/net-neutrality\/","title":{"rendered":"Net neutrality"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/File:Woman-social_media_network.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Woman-social media network.jpg\" src=\"\/\/wikieducator.org\/images\/thumb\/e\/e9\/Woman-social_media_network.jpg\/320px-Woman-social_media_network.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" class=\"img-responsive\"><\/a><\/div>\n<table class=\"cquote\" style=\"margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"20\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;\"> \u201c\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border: none; padding: 4px 10px;\"> <i>The Web as I envisaged it, we have not seen it yet. The future is still so much bigger than the past.<\/i>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"20\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;\"> \u201d\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" class=\"cquotecite\" style=\"border: none; padding-right: 4%\">\n<p style=\"font-size: smaller; text-align: right;\"><cite style=\"font-style: normal;\">\u2014Time Berners-Lee<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\nThe World Wide Web was originally designed to provide universal access to a large universe of documents. To achieve universal access, it was paramount to design the web as an open system without a central locus of control. However, on the Internet there are an increasing number of &#8220;walled gardens&#8221; that aim to control user&#8217;s access to content and services. In this section we explore the concept of net neutrality and reflect on the risks associated with universal access to online information.<br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"media\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_multimedia.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>The meaning of net neutrality<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n<div data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube-p90mct24z6w\" class=\"arve\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-p90mct24z6w\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/p90McT24Z6w?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"0\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/p90McT24Z6w?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0\" title=\"Net neutrality explained\" width=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/course.oeru.org\\\/lida102\\\/learning-pathways\\\/societal-issues-and-the-internet\\\/net-neutrality\\\/#arve-youtube-p90mct24z6w\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/p90McT24Z6w?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0\",\"name\":\"Net neutrality explained\"}<\/script>\n\t\n<div class=\"arve-error\"><p><small><abbr title=\"Advanced Responsive Video Embedder\">ARVE<\/abbr> error: maxwidth: <code>560px<\/code> is not valid<\/small><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><br style=\"clear:both;\"><\/p>\n<p>In addition to the challenges associated with net neutrality, think about how closed technologies can build walled gardens, for example:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> The Apple iOS which is restricted to running pre-approved applications on the hardware purchased by the user.\n<\/li>\n<li> The Amazon Kindle line of e-readers intentionally designed to favour the Amazon commercial ecosystem.\n<\/li>\n<li> Video game consoles that typically require game developers to purchase a license to develop games for the platform frequently requiring approval from the platform prior to publishing the games.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"case study\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_casestudy.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Case study<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Basics\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Free Basics\">Free basics<\/a><\/b> by Facebook is an application for mobile devices and business agreements with a number of companies to provide access to selected internet services without incurring data charges targeting markets where internet access may be less affordable. Free basics is part of <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/info.internet.org\/en\/\">internet.org<\/a> set up by Facebook and the basic websites than can be accessed for free without data charges are determined by the initiative.\n<\/p>\n<p><b>Resources<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/info.internet.org\/en\/\">internet.org<\/a> by Facebook\n<\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2016\/02\/facebooks-free-basics-app-is-now-banned-in-india\/\">India bans Facebook&#8217;s basics app to support net neutrality<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/01\/22\/facebook-india-internet\/\">Facebook\u2019s Internet.org Isn\u2019t Going Over Well in India<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Share your thoughts on net neutrality by posting a comment on WENotes, for example:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <i>Net neutrality is important because &#8230;<\/i>\n<\/li>\n<li> <i>Net neutrality can \/ can&#8217;t coexist with internet.org because &#8230;<\/i>\n<\/li>\n<li> <i>Free basics is a good thing because &#8230;<\/i>\n<\/li>\n<li> <i>Free basics is problematic because &#8230;<\/i>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><div><p>You must be logged in to post to WEnotes.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><i>Note: Your comment will be displayed in the <a href=\"\/lida102\/interactions\/course-feed\" title=\"Learning in a digital age\/LiDA102\/Feed\">course feed<\/a>.<\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.068 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.076 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 309\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 1606\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 8482\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4228\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 7\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n--><\/p>\n<p><!-- Saved in parser cache with key we_en-mw_:pcache:idhash:182004-0!*!0!*!*!2!* and timestamp 20230222012054 and revision id 1032281\n -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<ul class=\"pager\">\n<li class=\"previous\">\n            <a href=\"\/lida102\/learning-pathways\/societal-issues-and-the-internet\/true-cost-of-free-websites\">\u2190 Previous<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<li class=\"next\">\n            <a href=\"\/lida102\/learning-pathways\/societal-issues-and-the-internet\/online-impersonation\">Next \u2192<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"wenote-ids\"><script type='text\/javascript' id='wenotes-ids'>\n    var WEnotesSite = \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\";\n    var WEnotesPath = \"\/Learning_in_a_digital_age\/LiDA102\/Societal_issues\/Net_neutrality\";\n    var WEnotesSiteID = \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\";\n    var WEnotesPathID = \"b211405e0691d908de43befa10beac3f\";\n    var WEnotesIDs = { site: \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\", path: \"\/Learning_in_a_digital_age\/LiDA102\/Societal_issues\/Net_neutrality\", site_id: \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\", path_id: \"b211405e0691d908de43befa10beac3f\" };\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer><\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c The Web as I envisaged it, we have not seen it yet. The future is still so much bigger than the past. \u201d \u2014Time Berners-Lee The World Wide Web was originally designed to provide universal access to a large universe of documents. To achieve universal access, it was paramount to design the web as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10009,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10017","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10017"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10018,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10017\/revisions\/10018"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida102\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}