{"id":16172,"date":"2023-12-14T01:49:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T01:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/?page_id=16172"},"modified":"2023-12-14T01:49:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T01:49:27","slug":"scientific-publishing-in-a-digital-world","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/learning-pathways\/why-open-matters\/scientific-publishing-in-a-digital-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientific publishing in a digital world"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/File:Security_door-ajar.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Security door-ajar.jpg\" src=\"\/\/wikieducator.org\/images\/thumb\/c\/cc\/Security_door-ajar.jpg\/320px-Security_door-ajar.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" class=\"img-responsive\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Scientific research and dissemination of knowledge are key functions of the university. Traditionally, scientific knowledge is distributed through a process of peer-reviewed journals. Profit margins of commercial publishers of scientific journals are in excess of 30% compared with the profit margin of 12 &#8211; 15% for commercial magazines (Buranyi 2017<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>).  From 1978 to 2014, the cost of academic textbooks has risen more than 800% which is more than triple the cost of inflation for the same period (Moules 2016<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>). In this section, we will reflect on and discuss the potential of open initiatives to widen affordable access to knowledge in a digital age.<br style=\"clear:both;\"><br \/>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"media\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_multimedia.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>The power of open access<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Andraka\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Jack Andraka\">Jack Andraka<\/a> worked on a potential method for detecting pancreatic cancer at the age of 16, while still at high school. He conducted his award winning work through open access to scientific research. While his work was later refuted by members of the medical research community, this example illustrates the potential power of open access to research outputs.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n\n<div data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"vimeo\" id=\"arve-vimeo-557056093\" style=\"max-width:640px;\" class=\"arve aligncenter\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-vimeo-557056093\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/557056093?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&amp;transparent=0&amp;title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;amp;byline=0&amp;amp;portrait=0&amp;amp;&amp;autoplay=0#t=0s\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"359.68\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-forms\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/557056093?dnt=1&#038;app_id=122963&#038;transparent=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0&#038;&#038;autoplay=0#t=0s\" title=\"\" width=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/course.oeru.org\\\/lida103\\\/learning-pathways\\\/why-open-matters\\\/scientific-publishing-in-a-digital-world\\\/#arve-vimeo-557056093\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/player.vimeo.com\\\/video\\\/557056093?dnt=1&app_id=122963&transparent=0&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;&autoplay=0#t=0s\"}<\/script>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both;\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"web resources\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_inter.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Stimulus resources<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Scan one of the resources from each of the sub-sections below to familiarise yourself with the contemporary challenges of sharing knowledge in a digital age.<br \/>\n<b>Rising costs of access to scientific journals<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Buranyi, S. (2017, June 27). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2017\/jun\/27\/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\">Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?<\/a> The Guardian.\n<\/li>\n<li> Curry, S. (2017, May 25). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/higher-education-network\/2017\/may\/25\/its-time-for-academics-to-take-back-control-of-research-journals\">It\u2019s time for academics to take back control of research journals<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Sci-Hub<\/b><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sci-Hub\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Sci-Hub\">Sci-Hub<\/a> is a pirate website that provides access to academic papers bypassing the publisher paywalls.\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> McKenzieJul. 27, L., 2017, &amp; Am, 7:00. (2017, July 26). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2017\/07\/sci-hub-s-cache-pirated-papers-so-big-subscription-journals-are-doomed-data-analyst\">Sci-Hub\u2019s cache of pirated papers is so big, subscription journals are doomed, data analyst suggests<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Schiermeier, Q. (2017, June 22). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature.2017.22196\">US court grants Elsevier millions in damages from Sci-Hub<\/a>. Nature News.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Learning and the law in a digital age<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sutton, M. (2014, July 23). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2014\/07\/colombian-student-faces-prison-charges-sharing-academic-article-online\">Colombian Student Faces Prison Charges for Sharing an Academic Article Online<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Harmon, E., &amp; Malcolm, J. (2017, May 24). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/05\/diego\">Diego Gomez Finally Cleared of Criminal Charges for Sharing Research<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Mandhani, A. (2017, March 9). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/publishers-withdraw-copyright-suit-delhi-university-rameshwari-photocopy-centre\/\">Publishers Withdraw Copyright Suit Against Delhi University And Rameshwari Photocopy Centre<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Naughton, J. (2015, February 7). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/feb\/07\/aaron-swartz-suicide-internets-own-boy\">Aaron Swartz stood up for freedom and fairness \u2013 and was hounded to his death<\/a>. The Guardian.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"discussion\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_discussion.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Forum - Why open matters for learning in a digital age<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Join the <b><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/forums.oeru.org\/t\/lida103-why-open-matters-for-learning-in-a-digital-age\/327\">discussion on why open matters<\/a><\/b> for you in the context of in a digital age. This is an introductory forum for us to get to know each other a little better by sharing thoughts on what we think about the concept of &#8220;open&#8221; in education.\n<\/p>\n<p>Think about your own context with reference to the current state of learning in a digital age.\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Does open matter for you personally? Share your reasons why open does or doesn&#8217;t matter for you.\n<\/li>\n<li> What can we learn from the current state of affairs regarding access to scholarly knowledge? What do you recommend for the future?\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p> \n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Buranyi, S. (2017, June 27). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2017\/jun\/27\/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science\">Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?<\/a> The Guardian.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Moules, J. (2016, May 15). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e7aed422-16c4-11e6-b197-a4af20d5575e\">Rising price of textbooks reaches a tipping point<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.060 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.070 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 430\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 1453\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 12112\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 7392\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 7\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n--><\/p>\n<p><!-- Saved in parser cache with key we_en-mw_:pcache:idhash:182588-0!*!*!*!*!2!* and timestamp 20231214014926 and revision id 1086539\n -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<ul class=\"pager\">\n<li class=\"previous\">\n            <a href=\"\/lida103\/learning-pathways\/why-open-matters\/freedom-to-learn\">\u2190 Previous<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<li class=\"next\">\n            <a href=\"\/lida103\/learning-pathways\/why-open-matters\/quiz\">Next \u2192<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"wenote-ids\"><script type='text\/javascript' id='wenotes-ids'>\n    var WEnotesSite = \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\";\n    var WEnotesPath = \"\/Learning_in_a_digital_age\/LiDA103\/Why_open_matters\/Scientific_publishing_in_a_digital_world\";\n    var WEnotesSiteID = \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\";\n    var WEnotesPathID = \"fdc94e7acde8e008e0518cb9eba9fbd4\";\n    var WEnotesIDs = { site: \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\", path: \"\/Learning_in_a_digital_age\/LiDA103\/Why_open_matters\/Scientific_publishing_in_a_digital_world\", site_id: \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\", path_id: \"fdc94e7acde8e008e0518cb9eba9fbd4\" };\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer><\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific research and dissemination of knowledge are key functions of the university. Traditionally, scientific knowledge is distributed through a process of peer-reviewed journals. Profit margins of commercial publishers of scientific journals are in excess of 30% compared with the profit margin of 12 &#8211; 15% for commercial magazines (Buranyi 2017[1]). From 1978 to 2014, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":16164,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16172","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16173,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16172\/revisions\/16173"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/lida103\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}