{"id":594,"date":"2024-05-30T03:15:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T03:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/maec101\/?page_id=594"},"modified":"2024-05-30T03:15:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T03:15:16","slug":"markets-in-aggregate-form","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/maec101\/learning-pathways\/overview-of-macroeconomics\/markets-in-aggregate-form\/","title":{"rendered":"Markets in aggregate form"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"activity\" src=\"https:\/\/course.oeru.org\/maec101\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru_course\/idevices\/Icon_activity.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Markets in aggregate form: An introduction to macroeconomics<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Macroeconomics is the study of the performance, structure, behavior and decision-making of an economy as a whole. Macroeconomists focus on the national, regional, and global scales. For most macroeconomists, the purpose of this discipline is to maximize national income and provide national economic growth. Economists hope that this growth translates to increased <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/utility\">utility<\/a> and an improved standard of living for the economy&#8217;s participants. While there are variations between the objectives of different national and international entities, most follow the ones detailed below.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Key_points\">Key points<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> For most macroeconomists, the purpose of this discipline is to maximize <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/national-income\">national income<\/a> and provide national <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/economic-growth\">economic growth<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> The most common <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/macroeconomics\">macroeconomic<\/a> topics of study for national entities are sustainability, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/full-employment\">full employment<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/price-stability\">price stability<\/a>, external balance, equitable distribution of income and wealth, and increasing <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/productivity\">productivity<\/a>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Macroeconomists hope that their models help address two key areas of research: the causes and consequences of <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/short-run\">short-run<\/a> fluctuations in national income (otherwise known as the <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/business-cycle\">business cycle<\/a>) and what determines <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/long-run\">long-run<\/a> economic growth.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Terms\">Terms<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/definition\/inflation\/\">Inflation<\/a>: An increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living.\n<\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/definition\/macroeconomics\/\">Macroeconomics<\/a>: The study of the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets.\n<\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/definition\/deflation\/\">deflation<\/a>: A decrease in the general price level, that is, in the nominal cost of goods and services.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/File:Circulation_in_macroeconomics.jpg\" class=\"image\" title=\"A diagram of circulation in microeconomics\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A diagram of circulation in microeconomics\" src=\"\/\/wikieducator.org\/images\/6\/66\/Circulation_in_macroeconomics.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" class=\"img-responsive\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Circulation_in_Macroeconomics\">Circulation in Macroeconomics<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Macroeconomics studies the performance of national or global economies and the interaction of certain entities at these levels.\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Sustainability occurs when an economy achieves a rate of growth which allows an increase in living standards without undue structural and environmental difficulties.\n<\/li>\n<li> Full employment occurs when those who are able and willing to have a job can get one. Most economists believe that there will always be a certain amount of frictional, seasonal and <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/structural-unemployment\">structural<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/unemployment\">unemployment<\/a> (referred to as the natural rate of unemployment). As a result, full employment does not mean zero unemployment.\n<\/li>\n<li> Price stability occurs when prices remain largely stable and there is not rapid <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/inflation\">inflation<\/a> or <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/deflation\">deflation<\/a>. Price stability is not necessarily zero inflation; steady levels of low-to-moderate inflation is often regarded as ideal.\n<\/li>\n<li> External balance occurs when <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/export\">exports<\/a> roughly equal imports over the long run.\n<\/li>\n<li> Equitable distribution of income and wealth among the economy&#8217;s participants. This does not, however, mean that income and wealth are the same for everyone.\n<\/li>\n<li> Increasing Productivity over time throughout the national economy.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To achieve these goals, macroeconomists develop models that explain the relationship between factors such as national income, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/output\">output<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/consumption\">consumption<\/a>, unemployment, inflation, savings, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/investment\">investment<\/a> and international <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/trade\">trade<\/a>. These models rely on aggregated economic indicators such as <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/gdp\">GDP<\/a>, unemployment, and <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/definition\/price-index\">price indices<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>On the national level, macroeconomists hope that their models help address two key areas of research:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> the causes and consequences of short-run fluctuations in national income, otherwise known as the business cycle, and\n<\/li>\n<li> what determines long-run economic growth.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSource: Boundless. \u201cMacroeconomics.\u201d Boundless Economics. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 26 Oct. 2015 from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/textbooks\/boundless-economics-textbook\/principles-of-economics-1\/differences-between-macroeconomics-and-microeconomics-44\/macroeconomics-162-12260\/\">https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/economics\/textbooks\/boundless-economics-textbook\/principles-of-economics-1\/differences-between-macroeconomics-and-microeconomics-44\/macroeconomics-162-12260\/<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>You can do it here via WeNotes below or you can do this on your computer. 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