Assess your understanding of this learning pathway by selecting the correct answer for each of the following questions:

• Jelena’s mother asks her to play the harp for some guests. Afterward, she gives her a candy bar and tells her she can go play. What is the candy bar?
  • A positive reinforcer
    • Incorrect.
  • A negative reinforcer
    • Incorrect.
  • A negative punisher
    • Incorrect.
  • It is not clear
    • Correct.
• Food is to ________ reinforcer as money is to ________ reinforcer.
  • positive; negative
    • Incorrect.
  • negative; positive
    • Incorrect.
  • primary; secondary
    • Correct.
  • secondary; primary
    • Incorrect.
• Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood of a behaviour, and negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood of a behaviour.
  • increases; also increases
    • Correct.
  • decreases; also decreases
    • Incorrect.
  • increases; decreases
    • Incorrect.
  • decreases; increases
    • Incorrect.
• Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?
  • An instructor offers 3 different in-class bonus activities throughout the semester without warning to encourage attendance.
    • Correct.
  • A dog trainer first rewards his puppy for laying down but eventually only rewards the puppy when he lays down and rolls over.
    • Incorrect.
  • Most people check for new email intermittently throughout the day.
    • Incorrect.
  • Most people check their mail once a day after their typical delivery time.
    • Incorrect.
• In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________.
  • ignored the doll
    • Incorrect.
  • played nicely with the doll
    • Incorrect.
  • played with tinker toys
    • Incorrect.
  • kicked and threw the doll
    • Correct.